Which conditions will experience a decrease in VA due to increased illumination?

• A. Myopia, Hyperopia
• B. Cataracts and Glaucoma
• C. Albinism and Achromatopsia
• D. None of the above

Answer: (C)

The effect to look for is how lighting interacts with retinal function. In achromatopsia, cones don’t function well from birth, so vision relies on rods. Rod vision has lower spatial detail and is highly sensitive to glare and bright light, so increasing illumination tends to worsen acuity and provoke photophobia. Albinism brings photophobia and often foveal hypoplasia, so bright light increases glare and discomfort, further reducing the ability to resolve fine details. Together, these conditions are characterized by a decrease in visual acuity as illumination goes up.

In other conditions, there isn’t a consistent rule that brighter light reliably lowers acuity. Refractive errors like myopia or hyperopia depend on focus rather than lighting per se; cataracts and glaucoma affect vision through lens changes or optic damage and may alter brightness sensitivity, but not in the same defining way as cone dysfunction with photophobia.